A) everything is seen in black and white. APA Outcome:  2.2: Demonstrate psychology information literacy. Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 93, 51) In the most common form of color blindness. 152) Observational learning research suggests that seeing others reinforced for particular behaviors may encourage our own acquisition of similar behaviors. However, they are largely insensitive to color and detail. Name: Essentials of Understanding Psychology 13th Edition Author: Robert Feldman Edition: 13 ISBN-10: 1259922723 ISBN-13: 9781259922725 Type: Solutions Manual and Test Bank MODULE 27: Nature and Nurture: The Enduring Developmental Issue A) were inherently smarter than the other rats in the experiment. 111) ________ are physical stimuli that consistently produce errors in perception. Essentials of Understanding Psychology - Kindle edition by Feldman, Robert. Collect baseline data. One Sunday, the bus service is disrupted, and he decides to drive. B) negative reinforcement—Jeff puts up his umbrella when it starts to sprinkle so he won’t get wet. More than 1,000 separate types of receptors have been identified on those cells so far. B) They work naturally, regardless of a person’s previous experience. In the context of classical conditioning, the golden arches are a(n) ________ and the hunger pangs on seeing the arches are a(n) ________. Each time a patron purchases a beverage, a hole is punched; when ten holes are punched, the patron receives a free beverage. B) Stimulus generalization occurs in both. The drawing might be that of a triangle, with sizeable gaps in each side. Example: record the number of cigarettes smoked each day for one week prior to attempting to change the behavior. Neutral stimuli occurring along with the unconditioned stimulus may become conditioned stimuli, able to elicit a conditioned response of fear or anxiety. C) It hinders the possibility of developing cognitive maps. Answer:  Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. In a fixed-ratio schedule, reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses. MODULE 29: Adolescence: Becoming an Adult Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 89, 34) Thin, cylindrical receptor cells in the retina that are highly sensitive to light are called. 32) The ________ is a particularly sensitive region of the retina on which focused images are automatically centered. 1. What is the reason for this? 75) The ________ consists of three tubes containing fluid that sloshes through them when the head moves, signaling rotational or angular movement to the brain. 119) You turn your head to look directly at an unusual butterfly your friend spotted in the garden. D) It is more common among men than women. "Understanding Psychology" is written around the philosophy that an effective textbook must be oriented to students-- informing them, engaging them, exciting them about the field, and expanding their intellectual capabilities-- because when students understand psychology, they learn psychology. Not just like those offered by others. Shaping. MODULE 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye D) It is directly associated with fulfilling biological needs. Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 171. 139) Review the processing of a visual image (a) prior to the retina; (b) from the retina to the cortex; and (c) within the cortex. Answer:  To consider how psychologists understand the senses and, more broadly, sensation and perception, one needs a basic working vocabulary. Furthermore, the conditioning persists over very long periods and sometimes occurs after just one exposure. Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 106-107. Top-down processing is illustrated by the importance of context in determining how we perceive objects. It is acknowledged sometimes. Some organisms—including humans—are biologically prepared to quickly learn to avoid foods that smell or taste like something that made them sick. :: Increases you chances of passing expensive courses with a good grade. Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 165. However, when she notices her neighbors playing with their dogs, she wants to play with them too. B) She helps clients change how they think about their own behavior and that of others. 95) Which of the following statements is most accurate with respect to the role of Gestalt psychology in contemporary psychology? This incentive illustrates a ________ schedule of reinforcement. Rent Essentials of Understanding Psychology 13th edition (978-1259922725) today, or search our site for other textbooks by Robert S. Feldman. 86) ________ is a technique for promoting the frequency of desirable conducts and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones. MHE CONNECT: McGraw-Hill Education Psychology APA Documentation Style Guide. Essentials of Understanding Psychology 13th Edition by Robert Feldman English | 2019 | ISBN: 1260194612, 1260092070 | 1412 Pages | PDF conv | 33 MB A teacher may write harsh comments on a carelessly done homework assignment, perhaps reducing the likelihood that assignments will be completed sloppily in the future. Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 98. She has developed a(n) ________. In a sense, our brain mentally turns down the volume of the stimulation that it’s experiencing. 29) Which of the following statements is TRUE of learned taste aversion? At that instant, a nearby woman flips open her phone and begins talking. For example, an impression of depth may be created in an interior scene if one pair of two similar pieces of furniture is shown as larger than the other; the larger one would be perceived as in the foreground. 9) Which of the following is technically the stimulus intensity that is detected 50 percent of the time? 9) As a child, Tim loved salami sandwiches but was not particularly fond of dill pickles. Essentials of Understanding Psychology ( 13th International Edition ) ISBN:9781260092073 Feldman, Robert Published by McGraw-Hill Education (2018) In fact, you might develop a learned taste aversion, when the taste of a particular food is associated with unpleasant symptoms such as nausea or vomiting. Which of the following concepts does this example most closely illustrate? Opponent-process theory explains color vision at the level of the ganglion cells and in the cortex. C) uses active thought processes to decide its response to a stimulus. For example, a professor who gives surprise quizzes that vary from one every 3 days to one every 3 weeks, averaging one every 2 weeks, is using a variable-interval schedule. 96) Perception that is guided by higher-level knowledge, experience, expectations, and motivations is known as, Topic:  Top-Down and Bottom-Up Processing, 97) Perception that consists of the progression of recognizing and processing information from individual components of a stimuli and moving to the perception of the whole is known as. C) They require the presence of a neutral stimulus. Latent learning refers to learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it. 135) Define sensation and perception. When training a puppy to sit on command, we might reinforce successive approximations to the desired behavior. Learning Objective:  Explain classical conditioning. 109) Neal, an Asian-American student, would most likely, Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 189-190, APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 2.5: Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry, 110) Those with an analytical learning style, Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 190. Perceptual constancy leads us to view objects as having an unvarying size, shape, color, and brightness, even if the image on our retina varies. MODULE 34: Stress and Coping Table of Content. B) It involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus. 90) Which of the following alternatives is most accurate? To demonstrate classical conditioning, Pavlov attached a tube to the salivary gland of a dog, allowing him to measure precisely the dog’s salivation. 91) ________ is series of principles that describe how we organize bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes. Dr. Garner is a(n) _______. D) Models who are rewarded for a behavior are more apt to be mimicked than are models who receive punishment. She pets the dogs and soon plays with them. A) cones responsive to green light begin firing. Essentials of Understanding Psychology, 13e (Feldman), 1) Anthony returns home from work. Example: record the number of cigarettes smoked each day; record the delivery of reinforcements, etc. A) They deny the importance of classical and operant conditioning. For the next few days, he kept asking his parents to take him to the zoo again. ISBN-10: 1260194612. What role might mirror neurons play in observational learning? Caucasian and Asian-American males tend to display an analytic learning style; Caucasian females and African-, Native-, and Hispanic-American males and females tend to display a relational style. This apparent decline in sensitivity to sensory stimuli is due to the inability of the sensory nerve receptors to fire off messages to the brain indefinitely. A) Vanna fastens her seatbelt as soon as she gets in her car to stop the annoying alert sound. Because of its reliance on observation of others—a social phenomenon—the perspective taken by Bandura is often referred to as a social cognitive approach to learning. The greater the similarity between two stimuli, the greater the likelihood of stimulus generalization. Similarly, in a landscape, the colors, textures, and patterns of vegetation may be depicted clearly in the foreground, but less distinctly in the background. B) Ethan does not eat any kind of mushroom, because as a child he ate a mushroom growing in his yard and fell sick.
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